Hyloxalus exasperatus H. whymperi

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(1) SVL, males, 20.0-23.9 (n = 4); females, 18.8-23.0 (x = 21.6; n = 5); (2) disc on Finger III expanded; (3) Finger I shorter than Finger II; (4) fringe present on Finger II; (5) disc on Toe IV expanded; (6) fringe present on Toe IV; (7) outer tarsal fold present, not well developed; (8) toe webbing formula I1—2II1—1 dorsolateral stripe usually present; (10) oblique lateral stripe usually present extending to eye; (11) ventrolateral stripe absent; (12) discrete markings absent on chest-gular region; (13) black stippling on abdomen, males with darker throats than females; (14) Finger III not swollen in males; (15) testes white. Colostethus nexipus is compared with those species that have a dorsolateral stripe and lack a ventrolateral stripe (C. exasperatus and C. whymperi ). It is distinguished from both by having extensive webbing on the toes. In preservative, some specimens of C. nexipus are easily confused with C. bocagei, from which it can be distinguished by having Finger I shorter than Finger II. In life, C. nexipus differs from other Ecuadorian Colostethus by having pink stripes and a red eye. 

Description and variation.—The original description (Frost, 1986) is appropriate. Specimens from Limón Indanza, Provincia Morona Santiago, have the dorsum mottled with dark marks and black stripes. Adult males have blacker throats than females, which have a white band on throat followed by a black band between the anterior legs. Juveniles have minute white spots on the dorsum in the sacral region and on the legs. One juvenile lacks a complete oblique lateral stripe; it has a pale (reddish-orange, in life) mark behind the eye and white spots in place of the oblique lateral stripe.A recently metamorphosed juvenile (QCAZ 1432) has a SVL of 11.6 mm Color in life: KU 220661, male: dorsum greenish black with small white spiculae in the anal region, orange dorsolateral stripe behind eye extending to midlateral part of body [stripe yellowish distally in a male KU (KU 220664)]; oblique lateral stripe irregular greenish or beige, extending from midflank to groin; upper lip bright green; venter white with greenish reflection; throat pale blue with greenish reflection anteriorly, palmar and plantar surfaces black; white scutes; iris reddish silver. A juvenile female (QCAZ 1433) differs in that the entire body has minute whitish spotting; the marks behind the eyes are yellowish, and white spots are in the flanks (J. J. Wiens, field notes, 24 April 1990).Tadpoles.— Unknown.  Calls.—A male (KU220664, SVL 21.5 mm) was recorded at Méndez, 500 m, Provincia Morona Santiago, at 11:15 h on 24 April 1990, at an air temperature of 23°C, with the microphone 1 m from the frog. Another was recorded, but not collected, at Limón, 1090 m, Provincia Morona Santiago, on 21 March 1990 at 09:30 h at an air temperature of 25°C, with the microphone about 1 m from the frog (Fig. 8). The first frog emitted 6 calls in 1 min, the second, 14 calls in 2 min. Each call consists of 20-29 notes. Duration of calls are 1.43 and 1.65 sec in the first recording and between 2.22-2.37 sec the second; intervals between calls is 8.08-9.6 sec in the first recording and 6.24-7.63 sec in the second. In both recordings duration of notes is 0.03-0.04 sec, and intervals between notes is 0.05-0.06 sec in both cases. It seems possible that there is a fundamental frequency below 2000 Hz; however background noise obscures the analysis. Two other frequencies are at about 2500 and 4700 Hz; but it is not clear which one is the dominant frequency. There is one harmonic above them. 

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