Hyloxalus maquipucuna H. delatorreae

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(1) SVL, males 17.3-21.5, n = 44; females, 19.6-24.4, (x = 21.4; n = 16); (2) disc on Finger III expanded; (3) Finger I shorter or about equal in length to Finger II; (4) fringe usually present on Finger II; (5) disc on Toe IV wider than diameter of toe; (6) fringe absent on Toe IV, keel present; (7) outer tarsal fold absent; (8) toe webbing absent; (9) dorsolateral stripe absent; (10) oblique lateral stripe present, extending to eye; (11) ventrolateral stripe sometimes present; (12) discrete markings present on chest-gular region in some populations; (13) white spots on abdomen; (14) Finger III not swollen in males; (15) testes white.Colostethus pulchellus is compared with those species that have a complete oblique lateral stripe and have reticulations or marbling on the venter, but lack webbing among toes (C. maquipucuna and C. delatorrei ). It is distinguished from C. maquipucuna by its smaller size and from C. delatorrei by lacking two small spots at the base of the arms. 

Description and variation.—Edwards (1974) redescribed the species under the name of C. taeniatus and presented appropriate data on variation in specimens from the Papallacta-Cuyuja region (including the neotype, KU 147926). The specimens from Papallacta-Cuyuja differ from specimens (type material of C. taeniatus and C. riocosangae and specimens from the Río Azuela and south of Sumaco) of lower elevation in that the fringe on Toe IV is keel-like. Also, some specimens from Papallacta-Cuyuja have two discrete spots in chest-gular region; these are absent in individuals from the other populations.Other populations assignable to this species occur in extreme northern Ecuador, in the Carchi Basin, and in headwaters of the Río Chota. These populations differ from the ones from Papallacta-Cuyuja in that a fringe is absent on Finger II, disc of Finger III is less expanded, two discrete markings on chest-gular region are replaced by scattered marks, and the oblique lateral stripe is wider. Specimens from the páramos to the east of Salcedo and near Baños have two discrete spots on chest-gular region. In some specimens from Tulcán, Monte Olivo, and the Río Azuela, the dorsum is gray with dark mottling; color of dorsum in other specimens are like the type color patterns illustrated by Edwards (1974). Males have gray and white reticulations ventrally with an interrupted white ventrolateral line, and the throat stippled with gray. Females have diffuse white spots ventrally. All specimens have a black stripe or series of marks on the edge of the lower lip.A recently metamorphosed juvenile (RMNH 25237) is 11.4 mm in SVL. Color in life: QCAZ 1324, from Monte Olivo, Provincia Carchi: dorsum dark brown with diffuse greenish tint; oblique lateral stripe cream with iridescent golden tint; inguinal region with greenish wash; groin, ventral surfaces of thighs and shanks yellow; throat yellowish cream; abdomen cream with greenish tint and diffuse, scattered brown marks; labial stripe cream; iris greenish yellow (L. A. Coloma, field notes, 4 June 1989). KU 117881-913 and KU 182144-63 from Tulcán, Provincia Carchi: oblique lateral stripe edged with brown or black; flanks black, spotted with yellow or not; venter pale yellowish white, spotted with black or not; throat dirty yellow; labial stripe bronze yellow; posterior surface of thighs reticulated with brown to black, spotted with orange-yellow; iris bronze above, brown below or greenish with black flecking (J. D. Lynch, field notes, 22, 24 February 1968 and 26 May 1977). Measurements of the neotype (mm): SVL 20.4, tibia length 9.2, foot length 8.2, head length 6.9, head width 6.6, eye diameter 2.7, eye-nostril distance 1.9, tympanum diameter 1.7.  Tadpoles.—Edwards (1974) described free-swimming tadpoles (Stages 28 and 37) and back-riding (Stages 25 and 26) tadpoles from the Papallacta region. The mouth of a back-riding tadpole (KU 127080) was illustrated.The following description is based on an individual in Stage 25 (Fig. 6E) from a series of four back-riding tadpoles (KU 118113) from Tulcán.Total length 10.3 mm; body moderately depressed, about two thirds as deep as wide; snout rounded in dorsal view and in profile; nostrils about midway between eyes and tip of snout; eyes directed dorsolaterally, diameter 0.3 mm; spiracle sinistral; vent tube short, conical, dextral to ventral fin. Caudal musculature robust, gradually tapering to near tip of tail; dorsal fin low on anterior one fourth of tail, tail length 62% total length, tail height 15% total length, dorsal fin height 0.5 mm at midlength of tail fin, not extending onto body; ventral fin height 0.3 mm at midlength of tail; tip of fin rounded. Oral disc directed ventrally, not umbelliform, 0.8 mm wide; denticles and beaks poorly developed; one upper and two lower rows of denticles barely visible; beaks slender, weakly keratinized; upper beak broadly arch-shaped with long lateral processes; lower beak "V"-shaped; lateral folds present; median part of upper lip bare; papillae at proximal margin of upper lip; posterior lip bordered by one row of marginal papillae.Dorsum and sides of body densely pigmented with dark brown; venter pigmented only in abdominal region; caudal musculature cream with dark brown flecks along entire length; fins translucent with scattered dark brown flecks on dorsal fin. Calls.—One recording (Fig. 8) was obtained at Monte Olivo, 2450 m, Provincia Carchi, on 4 June 1989, 11:00-12:00 h, air temperature increasing from 24 to 30°C. No specimen is associated directly with the recording. Males were calling from under grass, thus making them difficult to locate; however, males were collected after removing the grass. The call is a buzz emitted 72 times during 4 min with intervals of 1.95-2.53 sec between calls, which are 0.37-0.63 sec long and consist of 4-6 notes having durations of 0.05 sec at intervals of 0.06-0.12 sec. The fundamental frequency is at about 1000-1100 Hz, and the dominant frequency is about 2700-3000 Hz with two harmonics above the dominant frequency. 

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